2024年mba联考英语真题 2006年全国MBA联考英语真题

（一）mba联考英语真题

对于mba的联考英语复习中大家最多的就是利用历年的真题来进行有效的复习，那么通过历年真题我们不仅可以发现自己的不足还可以帮助自己提高英语的水平，2014年考研英语复习正在有序的进行着，所以特此给大家找出2013年的mba联考英语真题以供大家学习。

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for asignificant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful oraooropriate to theirage and the subject.or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.

The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.

1.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.

[A] is receiving more criticism

[B]is no longer an educational ritual

[C]is not required for advanced courses

[D]is gaining more preferences

2. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.

[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education

[B]have asked for a different educational standard

[C]may have problems finishing their homework

[D]have voiced their complaints about homework

3. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.

[A]discourage students from doing homework

[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards

[C]undermine the authority of state tests

[D]restrict teachers' power in education

4. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.

[A] it should be eliminated

[B]it counts much in schooling

[C]it places extra burdens on teachers

[D]it is important for grades

5.A suitable title for this text could be______.

[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy

[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students

[C]Thorny Questions about Homework

[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework

以上就是对于2013年的有关阅读理解的一个经典的真题，那么大家可以有效的练习之后掌握一些2014年阅读理解的出题规律，还有要想了解到更多的真题信息的话就可以到在职研究生教育信息网进行了解，如果还有不懂的知识或者有关报考相关的都可以到该网站进行咨询。

（二）2006年全国MBA联考英语真题

Section I Vocabulary（10 points）
Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D.   Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1
1. In some countries girls are still_____ of a good education.
A. denieD.   B. declined C.  derived D.   deprived
2. As the years passed，the memories of her childhood______ away.
A. faded B. disappeared C.  flashed D.   fired
3. Brierley's book has the________ of being both informative and readable.
A. inspiration B. requirements C.  myth D.   merit
4. If I have any comments to make，I'll write them in the ______of the book I'm reading
A. edge B. page C.  margin D.   side
5. My ________would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat.
A. consciousness B. consequence C.  constitution D.   conscience
6. When the post fell _______.Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.
A. empty B. vacant C.  hollow D.   bare
7. Mother who takes care of everybody is usually the most _________person in each family.
A. considerate B. considerable C.  considering D.   constant
8. For ten years the Greeks _______the city of Troy to separate it from the outside.
A. captured B. occupied C.  destroyed D.   surrounded
9. Other guests at yesterday's opening，which was broadcast______ by the radio station，included Anne Mclntosh and the Mayor.
A. live B. alive C.  living D.   lively
10.A New Zealand man was recently _____ to life imprisonment for the murder of an English tourist，Monica Cantwell.
A. punished B. accused C.  sentenced D.   put
11.The past 22 years have really been amazing，and every prediction we've made about improvements have all come____
A. truly B. true C.  truth D.   truthful
12.The teachers tried to ______these students that they could solve the complicated problem，however，they just didn't see the point.
A. convince B. encourage C.  consult D.   concern
13.I'm _________ to think that most children would like their teachers to be their friends rather than their commanders.
A. subjected B. supposed C.  declined D.   inclined
14. She is under the impression that he isn't a ________ person for he wouldn't tell her where and when he went to university.
A. genius B. generous C.  genuine D.   genetic
15. The first glasses of Coca-Cola were drunk in 1886. The drink was first _____by a US chemist called John Pemberton
A. formed B. made C.  found D.   done
16.These two chemicals ______with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion.
A. interact B. attract C.  react D.   expel
17. ________they can get people in the organization to do what must he done，they will not succeed.
A. Since B. Unless C.  If D.   Whether
18. Once you have started a job，you should do it__________.
A. in practice B. in theory C.  in earnest D.   in a hurry
19. Although they new library service has been very successful，its future is ______certain.
A. at any rate B. by no means C.  by all means D.   at any cost
20.To my surprise，at yesterday's meeting he again ________the plan that had been disapproved a week before.
A. brought about B. brought out C.  brought up D.   brought down Section II Cloze（10 points）
Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices，21 that businesses were still protecting consumers 22 the full brunt（冲击）of higher energy costs.
The Producer Price Index，23 measures what producers receive for goods and services，
24 1 percent in July，the Labor Department reported yesterday，double 25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June. Excluding 26 and energy，the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent，27 than the 0.1 percent that economists had 28 .Much of that increase was a result of an 29 increase in car and truck prices.
On Tuesday，the Labor Department said the 30 that consumers paid for goods and services in July were 31 0.5 percent over all，and up 0.1 percent，excluding food and energy.
32 the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices 33 caused by energy costs，which increased 4.4 percent n the month.（Wholesale food prices 34 0.3 percent in July. 35 July 2004，Wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent，the core rate 36 2.8 percent，its fastest pace since 1995.
Typically，increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index 37 businesses recoup（补偿）higher costs from customers. 38 for much of this expansion，which started 39 the end of 2001，that has not been the 40 . In fact，many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products
21. A. indicate B. to indicate C.  indicating D.   indicated
22. A. of B. to C.  by D.   from
23. A. that B. which C.  it D.   this
24. A. rise B. rises C.  rose D.   raised
25.A. that B. what C.  which D.   this
26. A. food B. grain C.  crop D.   diet
27. A. less B. lower C.  higher D.   more
28. A. said B. reported C.  calculated D.   forecast
29. A. expectable B. unexpected C.  expectation D.   expecting
30. A. prices B. costs C.  charges D.   values
31. A. down B. from C.  to D.   up
32. A. Much B. Most C.  Most of D.   Much of
33. A. was B. were C.  is D.   are
34. A. fall B. fell C.  falls D.   has fallen
35. A. Comparing with B. In comparison C.  Compared with D.   Compare to
36. A. dropped B. declined C.  lifted D.   climbed
37. A. as B. so C.  while D.   when
38. A. And B. But C.  Yet D.   Still
39. A. at B. by C.  in D.   to
40. A. condition B. situation C.  matter D.   case
Section III Reading Comprehension（40 points）
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage：
Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation（计算机自动化）。Word processors and typists will lose about 93，000 jobs over the next few years，while 57，000 secretarial jobs will vanish. Blame the PC：Today，many executives type their own memos and carry their"secretaries"in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks，whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68，000. And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.
But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business，telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications technician，earning about $ 64，000 per year. Of course，if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years，and you find yourself replaced by an E-ZPass machine，it may be of little consolation（安慰）to know that the telecom field is booming.
And that's just it：The service economy is fading：welcome to the expertise（专门知识）economy. To succeed in the new job market，you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed，all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations--air-traffic controller--demand at least a bachelor's degree.
For those with just a high school diploma（毕业证书）。It's going to get tougher to find a well- paying joB. Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available .what's left will be the jobs that compumation can't kill：computers can't clean offices，or care for Alzheimer's patients（老年痴呆病人）。But，since most people have the skills to fill those positions，the wages stay painfully low，meaning compumation could drive an even deeper wedge（楔子）between the rich and poor，The best advice now，Never stop learning，and keep up with new technology.
For busy adults of course that can be tough，The good news is that the very technology that's reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school without having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot，with more than three million students currently enrolled，and it's gaining credibility with employers.
Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer？Check the federal Bureau of Labor
Statistics'Occupational Outlook Handbook，which is available online at bls.gov .
41、From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT.
A. secretaries B. stock clerks C.  managers D.   wholesalers
42、In the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector to
A. mean he will get benefits from the telecomm field
B. show he is too old to shift to a new position
C.  console him on having been replaced by a machine
D.   blame the PC for his unemployment
43.By saying"┅compumation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor"（line 5. Para 4）the author means
A. people are getting richer and richer
B. there will be a small gap between rich and poor
C.  the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and larger
D.   it's time to close up the gap between the rich and poor
44、What is the author's attitude towards computers？
A. positive B. negative C.  neutral D.   prejudiced
45、Which of the following might serve as the best title of passage？
A. Blaming the PC
B. The booming telecomm field
C.  Internet distance leaning
D.   Keeping up with compumation
Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：
Tens of thousands of 18 -year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won't look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates .Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate（半文盲）
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational- repair shops-adult-literacy programs，such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There，high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school，They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.
I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest，a world-class charmer，did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by Until Mrs. Stifter.
Our son was high -school senior when be had her for English ."He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends."she told me，"Why don't you move him to the front row？"I urged，believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down，Mrs. Stifter said，"I don't move seniors. I flunk（使┅不及格）them."Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for these times，but well，Why not？"She's going to flunk you."I told my son.
I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority（头等重要）in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.
I know one example doesn't make a case，but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better，they eventually quit school，concluding they were too dumb to finish."I should have been held back，"is a comment I hear frequently. Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class."I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma."
Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing.
Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got，They have a healthy fear of failure.
People of all ages can rise above their problems，but they need to have a reason to do so. Yong people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.
46.What is the subject of this essay？
A. view point on learning
B. a qualified teacher
C.  the importance of examination
D.   the generation gap
47.How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author's children？
A. flunking him
B. moving his seat
C.  blaming him
D.   playing card with him
48.The author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is to
A. purify the teaching environments .
B. set up cooperation between teachers and parents.
C.  hold back student.
D.   motivate student.
49. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors'attitude toward flunking is
A. negative B. positive C.  biased D.   indifferent
50. Judging from the content，this passage is probably written for
A. administrators B. students C.  teachers D.   parents
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage：
Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share，they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton.State College，for example，became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.
"All I hear in higher education is，"Brand，brand，brand，"said Tim Westerbeck，who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne，a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations."There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education."
Not all efforts at name changes are successful，of course . In 1997，the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges，offering a list of majors that includes psychology，music，urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School .
Now，after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant's creation of"haming structures.""brand architecture"and"identity systems，"the university has come up with a new name：the New School. Beginning Monday，it will adopt new logos（标识），banners，business cards and even new names for the individual colleges，all to include the words"the New School."
Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceiveD.   In altering its name from Cal State. Hayward，to Cal State，East Bay，the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.
The University of Southern Colorado，a state institution，became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago，hoping to highlight many internal changes，including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.
Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons：to break the connection with its past as a women's college，to promote its growth into a full -fledged（完全成熟的）university and officials acknowledged，to eliminate some jokes about the college's old name on late-night television and"morning zoo"radio shows.
Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia，in addition to the rise in applications，the average student's test score has increased by 60 points，Juli Roebeck，an Arcadia spokeswoman，said.
51. which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names？
A. They prefer higher education competition
B. They try to gain advantage in market share.
C.  They want to project their image.
D.   They hope to make some changes.
52. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade is
A. the brand.
B. the college names
C.  the concept of marketing
D.   list of majors.
53.The phrase"come up with"（Line 3 Para 4）probably means
A. catch up with
B. deal with
C.  put forward
D.   come to the realization
54 The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the university
A. is perceived by the society
B. hopes to expand its influence
C.  prefers to reform its reaching programs
D.   expects to enlarge its campus
55.According to the spokeswoman，the name change of Beaver College
A. turns out very successful
B. fails to attain its goal
C.  has eliminated some jokes
D.   has transformed its status
Question 56 to 60 are based on the following passage：
It looked just like another aircraft from the outside .The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were deceptive，and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.
Inside the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel. Heavily padded（填塞）from floor to ceiling，it looked a bit strange. There were almost no windows，but lights along the padded walls illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear.
For 12 months，science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency .The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.
For the next two hours the flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lose its reason，shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth. The invention was to Achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.
The aircraft took off smoothly enough. But any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut our and we became weightless. Everything became confused and left or right，up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free fall descent the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss. but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.
Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless，a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Ducth who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet. Then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if could be used for building a further space station .the Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.
After two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments，the predominate feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat.
56、What did the writer say about the plane？。
A、It had no seats.
B、It was painted white.
C、It had no windows.
D、The outside was misleading.
57、According to the writer，how did the young scientists feel before the flight？
A、sick B、keen C、nervous D、impatient
58、what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off？
A、He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.
B、He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.
C、He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.
D、He climbed and then made the plane turn over.
59.Acoording to the passage，the purpose of being weightless was to
A. see what conditions are like in space
B. prepare the young scientists for future work in space
C.  show the judges of the competition what they could do
D.   make the teams try out their ideas
60.this passage was written to
A. encourage young people to take up science
B. describe the process of a scientific competition
C.  show scientists what young people can do
D.   report on a new scientific technique
Section IV Translation（20 point）
Directions：in this section there is a passage in English. translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET
The smooth landing of shuttle（航天飞机）Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one：the dislodging of a big chunk of foam，like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve，the verdict is necessarily mixed.（61）Once again，the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem，and no one seems willing to guess how that may take .
The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission，and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects.（62）space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well，despite daily worries over possible risks. the flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.
The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station，which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft .（63）They replaced a broken device .repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station，showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.
This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever. with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit.（64）New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable .A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle's underbelly .and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight .
（65）。The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart，In the end the damage was clearly tolerable . A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle's skin the first of its kind moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights.
perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success .
Section V Writing（20 points）
Directions：in this section .you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram.
Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes .You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET
1998-2004年全国工程硕士硕士录取人数
工程硕士：Master of Engineering
参考答案：
词汇：
1--5 D A D C D 6--10 B A D A C11--15 B B D A B 16--20 A B C B C
完型填空：
21--25 C D B C B26--30 A C D B A31--35 D D A B C 36--40 D A C A D
阅读理解：
41--45 C B C A D 46--50 A A D B C51--55 A C C A C 56--60 A C A D A
61）航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决办法。似乎也没有人愿意揣测那要多久。
62）航空部官员理所当然感到庆幸，虽然他们每天担忧可能会出现什么样的危险，但结果却一切进展顺利。此次飞行完成了首要任务。
63）他们换掉了破损的设备，修好了另一个设备，清理掉太空站上的垃圾，表明航天飞机可以满载太空站上的物品，返回地球。
64）事实证明，用新的感应和照片拍摄设备来查找对敏感的外层表皮带来可能的损伤，这是非常有价值的。
65）大量的图像，以及公开谈论难以确定的潜在危险，有时让人觉得航天飞机马上会解体。最终，所造成的损伤明显是可以忍受的。

MBA https://www.eduei.com/mba/

（三）2007年全国MBA联考英语真题

Section I Vocabulary (10 points)
Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D．Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence．Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil．
1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．
A．taking                        B．exerting
C．giving                        D．pushing
2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．
A．extinct                        B．instinct
C．distinct                        D．intense
3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．
A．scope                         B．space
C．capacity                       D．range
4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．
A．probabilities                    B．realities
C．necessities                     D．opportunities
5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．
A．inhabited                       B．inherited
C．inhibited                        D．inhaled
6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．
A．prosperous                     B．preliminary
C．pessimistic                     D．prospective
7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the  economies of developing countries were growing very fast．
A．revival                        B．repression
C．recession                        D．recovery
8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．
A．summoned                     B．tempted
C provoked                        D．stumbled
9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．
A．decisive                        B．urgent
C．vital                           D．critical
10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on
peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole．
A．importance                      B．impression
C．impact                         D．implication
11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-
A．inclined                        B．vulnerable
C．attracted                        D．reduced
12．Applicants should note that all positions are--to Australian citizenship requirements．
A．subject                         B．subjective
C．objected                        D．objective
13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to  employment opportunities．
A．entrance                        B．entry
C．access                          D．admission
14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a  specific order
A．only                           B．sole
C．mere                           D．single
15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the  performance of many children．
A．withhold                    B．prevent
C．enhance                     D．justify
16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．
A．showed off                  B．paid off
C．1eft off                     D．kept off
17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do
more than just ________with events．
A．put sup                     B．set up
C．turn up                      D．make up
18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.
A．at hand                     B．at stake
C．at large                     D．at best
19．I don't think you'll change his mind；once he's decided on so something he tends to _____it.
A．stick to                     B．abide by
C．comply with                 D．keep on
20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．
A. more than    B. but for
C．thanks to     D. along with
Section 1I Cloze (10 points)
Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage．there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil．
Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but  2 1  she's  worried about what she calls' my rolling mental blackouts." "I try to remember something and I just blank out，"she says
You may  22  about these lapses，calling them " senior moments "or blaming "early Alzheimer's (老年痴呆症)．"Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the  23  you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age  24  problems that are not necessarily age-related．
"When a teenager can't find her keys，she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized，"says Paul Gold．"A 70-year-old blames her  25  ．"In fact，the 70-year-old may have been  26  things for decades．
In healthy people，memory doesn't worsen as  27  as many of us think．"As we  28，the memory mechanism isn't  29 ，"says psychologist Fergus Craik．"It's just inefficient．"
The brain's processing  30  slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly  31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and  32  there's less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，"It's not clear that less activity is  33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a  34  athlete．In the same way,  35  the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it."
There are  36  you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 37 effort．Margaret Sewell says："We're a quick-fix culture, but you have to  38  to keep your brain 39 shape．It's like having a good body．You Can't go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form."
21．A. almost        B. seldom        C. already      D. never
22．A. joke          B. laugh         C. blame          D. criticize
23．A. much         B. little          C. more            D. less
24．A. since          B. for            C. by             D. because
25．A. memory       B. mind         C. trouble         D. health
26．A. disorganizing   B. misplacing    C. putting         D. finding
27．A. swiftly         B. frequently    C. timely          D. quickly
28．A．mature       B. advance      C. age             D. grow
29．A. broken        B. poor         C. perfect          D. working
30．A. pattern        B. time         C. space           D. information
31．A . why          B. how         C. what            D. when
32．A. since        B. hence        C. that              D. although
33．A. irregular     B. better        C. normal            D. worse
34．A. famous      B. senior        C. popular           D. trained
35．A. as          B. till           C. though            D. yet
36．A. stages       B. steps         C. advantages        D. purposes
37．A. makes      B. takes         C. does              D. spends
38．A. rest         B. come         C. work             D. study
39．A. to          B. for           C. on               D. in
40．A. so         B. or            C. and              D. if
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension   (40 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
Prior to the 20th  century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.
It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world's last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world's peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.
Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?
Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.
Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.
For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.
41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.
A．an increasingly interconnected world
B．maintaining small numbers of speakers
C．relatively isolated language communities
D．following the tradition of the 20th  century
42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.
A．uncertain                       B．unrealistic
C．foreseeable                     D．definite
43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.
A．small languages become acceptable in work places
B．homogenize the world's languages and cultures
C．global languages reach home and community settings
D．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity
44.Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.
A．makes learning a global language unnecessary
B．facilitates the learning and using of those languages
C．raises public awareness of saving those languages
D．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages
45.In the author's view, many endangered languages are________.
A．remarkably well-kept in this modern world
B．exceptionally powerful tools of communication
C．quite possible to be revived instead of dying out
D．a unique way of bringing different groups together
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Everyone，it seems，has a health problem。After pouring billions into the National Health Service，British people moan about dirty hospitals，long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. Canada's new Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country's lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, ageing and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income.
But nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford's announcement this week that it would cut up to 30.000 jobs by 2012 was as much a sign of it's"legacy " health -care costs as of the ills of the car industry. Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers (生育高峰期出生的人) will crush the government's finances, George Bush is to unveil a reform ;plan in next week's state-of -the -union address.
America's health system is unlike any other. The Unite States spends 16% of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $6,280 for every American each year. Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Thanks to an accident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employer, with the government picking up the bill for the poor and the elderly.
This curious hybrid（混合物） certainly has its strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is much more innovative. Europeans' bills could be much higher if American medicine were not doing much of their Research and Development（R&D）for them. But there are also huge weaknesses. The one most often cited-especially by foreigners-is the army of uninsured. Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many cases that is out of choice and ,if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. And there are also shocking inefficiencies: by some measures,30% of American health spending is wasted.
Then there is the question of state support. Many Americans disapprove of the "socialized medicine" of Canada and Europe. In fact, even if much of the administration is done privately, around 60% of America's heath-care bill ends up being met by the government. Proportionately, the American state already spends as much on health as the OECD（Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development）average, and that share is set to grow as the baby-boomers run up their Medicare bills and ever more employers avoid providing health-care coverage. America is , in effect, heading towards a version of socialized medicine by default.
46.Health problems mentioned in the passage include all the following EXCEPT_________.
A. poor hospital conditions in U.K.
B. Angela Merkel under attack
C. health financing in Germany
D. long waiting lines in Canada
47.Ford's announcement of cutting up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 indicates that Ford_________.
A. has the biggest health problem of the car industry
B. has made profits from its health-care legacy
C. has accumulated too heavy a health-care burden
D. owes a great deal of debt to its employees
48.In the author's opinion, America's health system is _________.
A. inefficient                          B. feasible
C. unpopular                          D. successful
49.It is implied in the passage that_________.
A. America's health system has its strengths and weaknesses
B. the US government pays medical bills for the poor and the elderly
C. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insurance
D. Europeans benefit a lot from America's medical research
50.from the last paragraph we may learn that the "socialized medicine" is____________.
A. a practice of Canada and Europe
B. a policy adopted by the US government
C. intended for the retiring baby-boomers
D. administered by private enterprises
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
When Thomas Keller, one of America's foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. I he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se. his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping--as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping , it seems, is to be anticapitalist , and maybe even a little French..
But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping-and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense."Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job"is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.
Michael Lynn, an associate professor of  consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.
Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled--in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers,.
What's more,. consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upwelling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
In addition , the practice of tip pooling , which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon , has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter . In an unreasonable outcome , you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one . Indeed , there appear to be little connection between tipping and good service .
51.It may be inferred that a European-style service______.
A . is tipping-freeB .charges little tip
C .is the author's initiative D .is offered at Per-se
52.Which of the following is NOT true according to the author .
A .Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.
B .Waiters don't care about tipping
C .Customers generally believe in tipping.
D .Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.
53.According to Michael Lynn's studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they______
A. have performed good service
B. frequently refill customers' water glass
C. win customers' favor
D. serve customers of the same sex
54.We may infer from the context that "upwelling"(Line 2, Para 6) probably means ________
A. selling something up
B. selling something fancy
C. selling something unnecessary
D. selling something more expensive
55.This passage is mainly about __________
A. reasons to abolish the practice of tipping
B. economic sense of tipping
C. consumers' attitudes towards tipping
D. tipping for good service
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
"I promise." " I swear to you it'll never happen again." "I give you my word." "Honestly. Believe me." Sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity. I read my students' essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism（剽窃）appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won't detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student's work with his or her name even if it's missing from the upper left-hand corner.
Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average（GPA）? When we're threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. "If you let me pass math I will …." "Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I'll…." Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché（陈词滥调）to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not ?
Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing.
I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it I'd understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but  he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. "I promise…., I'm not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I'm just nervous today."
The head of the English department agreed with my finding, and the meeting with the dean had the boy's parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy's previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation（留校察看）, the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, "He's only a child" and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such…. Except in this uncomfortable circumstance.
56.According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for_____.
A．money         B．degree         C．higher GPA         D．reputation
57.the sentence " Once the situation is behind us , so are the promises' implies that_________.
A．students usually keep their promises
B．some students tend to break their promises
C．the promises are always behind the situation
D．we cannot judge the situation in advance, as we do to the promises
58.The "borderline passing"（Line 3,Para.3）probably means____________.
A．fairly good                      B．extremely poor
C．above average                  D．below average
59.The boy's parents thought their son should be excused mainly because_______________.
A．teachers should be compassionate
B．he was only a child
C．instructors were wiser
D．he was threatened
60.Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage?
A．Human Nature                 B．Conditional Promises
C．How to Detect Cheating          D．The Sadness of Plagiarism
Section IV Translation  (20 points)
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.
Cre

（四）2013年1月MBA联考英语真题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?

Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.

Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.

1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise

2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around

3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role

4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse

5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady

6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on

7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive

8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant

9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print

10. [A] give up [B] take over[C] bring back [D] pass down

11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when

12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn

13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though

14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease

15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed

16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear

17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return

18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification

19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for

20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail

（五）英语二，是做英语一的真题还是做MBA联考的真题好啊·

先按着英语一的准备准备，再看英语二的，记住留点题考前练手~

做MBA绝对是坑爹。。。实际考出来跟英语二不是一个档次。。还是做英语一的题吧

（六）2012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题

大家知道对于mba的考试中英语是大家最大的难题，那么对于英语考试要想成功突破的话在复习备考的时候掌握历年真题是至关重要的，为了方便大家查找在职研究生教育信息网给大家列出了2012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题一方面大家复习，如何还需要了解更多的话可以登陆到mba历年考试真题网。

Section 1 Use of Eninglish
Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。

His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。
GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives。

1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed

2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal

3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded

4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes

5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence

6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against

7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming

8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down

9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed

10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither

11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished

12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony

13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned

14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human

15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained

16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted

17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired

18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea

19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond

20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point

Section II Readiong Comprehension

Part A
Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule。
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct。
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right。

21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B]is no longer an educational ritual
[C]is not required for advanced courses
[D]is gaining more preferences

22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____。
[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B]have asked for a different educational standard
[C]may have problems finishing their homework
[D]have voiced their complaints about homework

23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____。
[A]discourage students from doing homework
[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards
[C]undermine the authority of state tests
[D]restrict teachers' power in education

24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.
[A] it should be eliminated
[B]it counts much in schooling
[C]it places extra burdens on teachers
[D]it is important for grades

25.A suitable title for this text could be______。
[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C]Thorny Questions about Homework
[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework

Text2

Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests。

Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。

I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s。

Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist。

26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1)，the author means pink______。

[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood

[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence

[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination

[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests

27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?

[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA。

[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls。

[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders。

[D]White is prefered by babies。

28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____。

[A]the marketing of products for children

[B]the observation of children's nature

[C]researches into children's behavior

[D]studies of childhood consumption

29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____。

[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes

[B]attach equal importance to different genders

[C]classify consumers into smaller groups

[D]create some common shoppers' terms

30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____。

[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency

[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers

[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen

[D]well interpreted by psychological experts

Text3

In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violentlyagitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.

On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. Afederal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms andpatients alike.

But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year afederal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have beenseparated from cotton seeds. ”

Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.

As the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO。

Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed。

31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----

A.their executives to be active

B.judges to rule out gene patenting

C.genes to be patcntablc

D.the BIO to issue a warning

32.those who are against gene patents believe that----

A.genetic tests are not reliable

B.only man-made products are patentable

C.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon

D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests

33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----

A.establishing disease comelations

B.discovering gene interactions

C.drawing pictures of genes

D.identifying human DNA

34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----

A.the supreme court was authoritative

B.the BIO was a powerful organization

C.gene patenting was a great concern

D.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs

35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----

A.critical

B.supportive

C.scornful

D.objective

Text 4

The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,

it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years。

No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending。

But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。

Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。

In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。

36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。

[A]seek subsidies from the govemment

[B]explore reasons for the unermployment

[C]make profits from the troubled economy

[D]look on the bright side of the recession

37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。

[A]realize the national dream

[B]struggle against each other

[C]challenge their lifestyle

[D]reconsider their lifestyle

38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____。

[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants

[B]bring out more evils of human nature

[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms

[D]ease conflicts between races and classes

39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____。

[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities

[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees

[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’

[D]recover more quickly than the others

40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

Section III Translation

41.Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)

When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of the best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates 。

Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make 。

Section IV Writing

Part A

41.Directions

Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to

1)make a complaint and

2)demand a prompt solution

You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead 。

42、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should

1)describe the table ,and

2)give your comments

You should write at least 150 words(15points)

（七）2009年MBA联考英语写作真题解析

同学们，微笑是最好看的，每个同学我都能看到微笑，本来年轻，再微笑更年轻，咱们看看下面两道题,有效性分析还是有难度的.总体上说这个题目比较象中国本土的文章，咱们先逐次看看。

　　1000是100的十倍。但是当分母大到上百亿的时候，作为分子的这两个数的差别就失去了意义。到这儿这句话什么意思，100亿10的11次方。分母一样，分母无穷大,分子1000和100没意义。最后都约等于0.说这个不是让算数学，让你明白这句话意思，在数学上成立。比如李嘉诚，1千万和1百万，站在李嘉诚面前,都一样都是穷人。没什么差别，但过起日子来，就不一样了。先把这话弄明白了。接着说什么, 在知识经济时代，任何人所掌握的知识，都是沧海一粟。这使得在培养与选拔人才时，知识尺度也变得毫无意义。当然同学们最想知道得多少分。知识的尺度变得毫无意义，这是绝对化。现代网络技术可以使你在最短的时间内查询到你所需要的任何知识信息，也是绝对化。最后这一句也一样。“知识就是力量”这一曾经激励了几代人的口号，正在成为空洞的历史回声，这其实是时代的进步历史的回声.这就是过时了，这也是绝对化。按绝对和片面化来评，都对。 什么叫片面化。先解释一下，主要错误叫分解的谬误。 100万对李嘉诚来说没用,对自己来说就是100万。非常含蓄，总体来说，把相对性搅到里面。象乱麻一样难拆开，整篇都有这个，依据文本一点点来做这个工作。数学道理是成立的,就我们掌握的知识与人类知识确实是沧海一粟。 在知识经济时代，知识也在细化。虽与人类知识相比是沧海一粟,但与我们专业知识领域相比来说，有可能是足够。 第一说类比不恰当,相对人类知识这样没有意义，我们是相对于专业领域来说的，而不是与人类知识相比的。要把这个说明白就行。错误类比也可以。我们所说的个体掌握的知识总是针对工作需要和专业领域，没有相对总体来讲。这个就是片面化，只顾总体，不顾具体分工。世界上从来没有百科全书式人物, 我懂的知识和人类知识等面的，不可能的。你要说偷换概念，人掌握的知识不可能和人类知识等面也可以。这属于偷换概念，总体和个体。

　　在这种情况下，这使得在培养与选拔人才时，知识尺度也变得毫无意义。过于片面。可以举反例。在培养和选拔人才时多少有点意义。”现代网络技术可以使你在最短的时间内查询到你所需要的任何知识信息”，过于绝对，可以查到绝大多数信息。你就可以说甲骨文查不到。虽然可以查到大部分,但不是万能的。 比如说村里大叔家今年打了多少粮食,你上网查查试试。 你说的是任何信息，有些还是找不到的。故意加上”任何\所有\必须”，都是绝对化的标准。”有的大学毕业生因此感叹 何必要为学习各种知识数年寒窗, 这不无道理。传授知识不应当继续成为教育，特别是高等教育的功能”。 到这儿是一个观点。首先这个也是片面化。你说知识信息和在学校里获取的教育是两回事。通过学数学，得到了一种分析能力。学知识过程，操作能力就有了。表面是获得知识信息，但内在获得了数理分析能力。忽略了内在能力，这就是片面化的。把这个道理说明白了，不靠点也对。这个点也可以用假设。这种要成立，必须假设高校的唯一功能就是传播知识信息。显然这是不能成立的,它同时还有其它功能。

　　学校知识需要记忆，记忆能力，是浅层次的大脑功能，人们在思维方面的差异不在于能记住什么，而是在于能提出什么。这个评也行，不评也行。 这个记忆虽然是浅层次的功能，但是锻炼能力。

　　知识与此种能力之间没有实质性联系，否则就难以解释，具备与爱因斯坦相同知识背景的人有的是，为什么唯独他发现了相对论。你说这是爱因斯坦能发现相对论的必要条件。为什么他能发现，别人没有发现，它把它当成了充分条件了，这难到这儿了。都比较含蓄。

　　“知识就是力量”这一曾经激励了几代人的口号，正在成为空洞的历史回声，这其实是时代的进步。依据本身不充分，除此之外，这种判断过于草率。草率就是轻率概括。轻率概括就是：所有同学都能考满分，没有一个能考满分，一个正面的，一个否定，都是一刀切，所以在讲这个的时候，先轻描淡写地说依据不充分，结论缺乏可信性。在知识经济时代，知识的增长是在分类扩张中完成的。没有任何一个时代象现在这样，更能体现出知识就是力量作用和特征。总之呢就是找一下反例，说明不但没过时，反而更能体现它的力量。

　　简单地来看，绝对化和片面化 这两个必须找出一个点来，第二就是看类比，看能不能看出来，这个结论是不成立的。 一直教导你，写作文时要注重结论，有好几处讲歪理的地方，你就假设是万能的。假设显然不成立的，就可以了。

　　看起来难写说好写也好写。从10月份看，范围缩小了，找3点有困难，找2点不难，可能有的忘了用假设，假设是个很棒的一个方法。错误类比，混淆条件，绝对片面，假设，把讲歪理点明，四点也能写出来。

　　后面这个议论文就不说了，有的同学直接为题了，我认为这个有歧义，可以理解成为主题，也只可以理解成为标题，有的以它为主题，有的没以它为标题。个人认为目前看，直接为标题也挺好，加三点或加六点，不加点也没问题。没以它为标题，我认为也行。假如到时候判卷偏向一端，减 2分，我们应抗议。按理说，不应出现这种情况，如果是以它为题裁，那就是主题了。为话题，也可以。所以这个没事，以它为标题可以放心一点，没以它为标题，也不会减什么分。我认为没什么事。

　　这个争议在阅卷时应该会有的。假如我说均可，就没什么说的了。这个没什么可担心的，最主要的是内容开头结尾，中间有三个分论点。中国话说通顺了，28，29分左右就行了。希望大家面试都能取得好成绩！

（八）2013年(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

2013年(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

　　Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C

or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet　come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?

Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.

Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alterinformation 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.

1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise

2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around

3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role

4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse

5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady

6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on

7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive

8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant

9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print

10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down

11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when

12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn

13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though

14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease

15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed

16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear

17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return

18. [A] consideration [B] prevention

[C] manipulation [D] justification

19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for

20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.” Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to.

It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.

Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three 　　manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.

There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.

21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.

[A] the impact of technological advances

[B] the alleviation of job pressure

[C] the shrinkage of textile mills

[D] the decline of middle-class incomes

22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______

[A] work on cheap software

[B] ask for a moderate salary

[C] adopt an average lifestyle

[D] contribute something unique

23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______

[A] gains of technology have been erased

[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

[C] factories are making much less money than before

[D] new jobs and services have been offered

24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____

[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution

[B] to ensure more education for people

[C] to advance economic globalization

[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century

25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?

[A] New Law Takes Effect

[B] Technology Goes Cheap

[C] Average Is Over

[D] Recession Is Bad

Text 2

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.

Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those

who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories:

legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as 　　opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.

[A] immigrate across the Atlantic

[B] leave their home countries for good

[C] stay in a foreign temporarily

[D]find permanent jobs overseas

27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____. [A] needs new immigrant categories

[B] has loosened control over immigrants

[C] should be adopted to meet challenges

[D] has been fixed via political means

28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___

[A] financial incentives.

[B] a global recognition.

[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.

[D]the freedom to stay and leave.

29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __

[A] as faithful partners.

[B] with economic favors.

[C] with regal tolerance.

[D]as mighty rivals.

30 which is the best title of the passage?

[A] come and go: big mistake

[B] living and thriving : great risk

[C] with or without : great risk

[D]legal or illegal: big mistake

Text 3

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.

Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating.

We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.

John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.

Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.

31. The time needed in making decisions may____.

[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation

[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction

[C] depend on the importance of the assessment

[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment

32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.

[A] can be associative

[B] are not unconscious

[C] can be dangerous

[D] are not impulsive

33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.

[A] trust our first impression

[B] do as people usually do

[C] think before we act

[D] ask for expert advice

34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.

[A] critical assessment

[B]‘thin sliced’study

[C] sensible explanation

[D] adequate information

35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.

[A] tolerant

[B] uncertain

[C] optimistic

[D] doubtful

Text 4

Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration.

Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.

Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.

Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?

“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”

according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.

I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.

After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.

[A] women take the lead

[B] men have the final say

[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed

[D] senior management is family-friendly

37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________. [A] a reflection of gender balance

[B] a reluctant choice

[C] a response to Reding’s call

[D] a voluntary action

38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______. [A] get top business positions

[B] see through the glass ceiling

[C] balance work and family

[D] anticipate legal results

39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________. [A] skepticism

[B] objectiveness

[C] indifference

[D] approval

40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______. [A] more social justice

[B] massive media attention

[C] suitable public policies

[D] greater“soft pressure” Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10points)

The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life.

And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.

[A] Live like a peasant

[B] Balance your diet

[C] Shopkeepers are your friends

[D] Remember to treat yourself

[E] Stick to what you need

[F] Planning is everything

[G] Waste not, want not

41._____________________

Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.

42____________________________________________________________

This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly,you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever 　weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.

43_________

You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough.

Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage,but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off'will be cooked or juiced.

44___________________________________

Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.

45__________________

You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.

Section III Translation

Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER

SHEET 2. (15 points)

I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.

I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.

Section IV Writing

47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to

1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate . 2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)

48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1)interpret the chart and

2)give your comments

You should write about 150 words

1.【答案】A(However)

【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案 A。 B. moreover 表递进 C. therefore 表结果 D. Otherwise 表对比

2.【答案】D (around)

【解析】由空格所在句的“but” 得知，句子前后是转折关系。事实上,这样的预测已经 二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。A. off 停止 B. back 返回 C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选 D. around 出现。

3.【答案】B (concept)

【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念(定义)，而 A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择 role 的话，应该是复数 roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选 B。

4.【答案】D (reverse)

【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词 revolutionize (变革)意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有 D 选项 reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。” 5.【答案】C (slow)

【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在 1975 年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择 C。 A. silent 沉寂的，B. sudden 突然的，D. steady 稳定不变的。

6.【答案】B (against)

【解析】上一段末句提出本段的论点，即人们进入无现金时代的速度缓慢的原因。因此本段应围绕纸币系统不会消失来阐述。而且由句首的 Although 得知，空格所在句与前一句是转折关系。尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因，故答案选 B，work against 妨碍，对…产生消极影响。A. work for 为…而工作 C. work with 与…共事，对…起作用 D. work on 从事…工作，对…起作用，都不合适。

7.【答案】B (expensive)

【解析】本句陈述的原因都是关于上句提到的传统支付方式的优点，即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以根据这个基调，得出选项 productive 不对，最后根据空后的内容推理出消极意思的选项 expensive，其他选项意思放到空格处不合理，imaginative，意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、容易受伤的”。故本题正确答案为 B。

8.【答案】D(dominant)

【解析】空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式，将四个选项带入，C, D 是比较恰当的，再结合本文章的主旨，应该选择“占主导地位的，支配地位”这层意思的 D 选项。A.similar 相似的 B. original 原始的，独创的,都不合适。

9.【答案】B (provide)

【解析】 纸质支票支付能够____收据,这是和电子支付相比的一大优势，A. collect 收集收据，C. copy 复印收据，D. print 打印收据都和实际生活不符合。应该是 B. provide 提供收据。

10.【答案】A (give up)

【解析】该动词短语的宾语是前文的 something, 指代上文的 advantage，纸质支票支付能够提供收据这一优势，肯定是消费者不愿放弃的。和优势相搭配的动词短语不能是 B. take over 接管，也不能是 C. bring back 拿回来，D. pass down 传递、遗传也不符合。A. give up 放弃一种优势，符合语境，为正确答案。

11. 【答案】A (before)

【解析】这里考查的是时间连词的应用。句子意思是“在支票兑换成现金之前要花上好几天”，符合句意的只有 before，其它三项都不符合。

12. 【答案】D (withdrawn)

【解析】这里考查动词辨义。原文句子意思是“资金是从发卡机构的账户里提取的”，withdraw 有“提款、取款”的意思，这里是指纸币从银行账户中“被取出”故为正确答案。

13. 【答案】C (Because)

【解析】这里考查的是连词的应用。从原文可以看出空后的两个句子在意思上存在着因果关系，“因为电子支付是即付的，所以消除了客户的付款”。四个选项中只有 C because 可以表因果，其他三项均不能表因果。故答案为 C。

14. 【答案】C( raise)

【解析】 这里考查的是动词辨析以及上下文语义衔接。[A] hide “隐藏，隐瞒”，[B] express “表达，表示”，[C] raise “举起，提高，引发”，[D] ease “减轻，缓和”，四个选项中能和 concerns构成搭配的只有 raise，故正确答案为[C]。

15.【答案】C.(stored)

【解析】这句讲了 an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information__________ there. “一些黑客入侵电脑数据库并且更改_____信息”根据空前信息可知是入侵电脑数据库，所以 information 是被储存在电脑数据库中的信息。

16.【答案】C.(uncommon)

【解析】此题考查一致性。空格所在句“The fact that this is not an__16_occurrence means that…”中 this 指代上文中 that 从句的内容，即黑客能够获取电脑数据库和更改储存的信息。因此 not an_16_occurrence 应该能体现这一行为的特征，而上文提到“We often hear media reports that…”，其中的 often 正是对这一行为的特征解释，即 not an__occurrence 等于 often 的含义，对比选项，只有 C 选项 uncommon 符合，带入后意为“经常发生的事情”。

17.【答案】A (steal)

【解析】本题缺少谓语动词，通过语法结构可以看出，主语是 dishonest persons，并通过后面的其他人的帐户，可以推定为答案是负向的，只有 A steal 符合题意，语义上也说得通，故为正确答案。

18.【答案】B.(prevention)

【解析】文章最后一段首句谈论电子付费方式的又一个缺陷：会引起安全和隐私问题。接下来就开始解释这个现象。空格所在句提到“对这种欺诈的_18__绝非易事，而且一个新的电脑科学领域正在形成来_19__安全问题。”因此，本句在谈论对问题的解决应对。18 空格与 19空格所填内容语意上应该是一致的。浏览选项，18 空只能选 prevention，即防止这种欺诈行为发生并非易事，而 C 选项anipulation 是“操纵”的意思，D 选项 justification 意为“解释，证明……合理”，均不合理。

19.【答案】A.(cope with)

【解析】此空格解释同 18 空格，应选有“处理，解决”意思的选项，只有 A 选项 cope with合适。B 选项 fight against 意为“对抗，抵制”，而宾语是 security issues，因此不符合。

20.【答案】D.(trail)

【解析】此空所在句提出了使用电子付费方式的又一个担心，即会留下__20_，空格后的定语从句解释了空格内容，即它包含大量个人数据。浏览选项，只有 trail 符合，意为“痕迹”。B 碎片从语义上均说不通，C 路径有一定的干扰性，但相比较 D 而言，痕迹更为合适，故为正确答案

阅读理解：

21.【答案】A the impact of technological advances

【解析】 细节理解题。第一段第二行指出笑话是关于纺织厂自动化程度的，后一句具体说明了笑话的内容：工厂平均每天只有两个人，一人一狗。人的工作是喂狗，狗的工作是看机器，暗示了工厂所有的生产工作都是由机器自动完成的。故这个笑话是用来说明技术进步的影响。

22.【答案】D contribute something unique

【解析】 事实细节题，通过题干“根据第 3 段，要想成为一个成功的雇员，一个人得……”, 我们可以定位到文章第三段 Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value　contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.意为：因此，人人都需要有另外的价值，异于常人的独特价值能够让他们在各自的雇佣市场上脱颖而出。我们可以得出，题干中“to be a successful employee”与第三段的最后一句话中的“that makes 　them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”是同义替换，“everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution”与D选项中的“contribute something unique”是同义替换，所以 D 选项正确。

23. 【答案】B job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干定位到第四段，第一句 technology has been eating jobs(技术使工作机会减少)也反映了该段的主旨。而根据题干 quotation 一词，我们读到引号里有“shed workers (解雇工人)”、“roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared 可推断出 B 选项。

24. 【答案】B to ensure more education for people

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干 reduce unemployment 减少失业，可以定位到文章中最后一段，这段出现了与之类似的表达“support employment” 促进就业，而题干表述“the most important”与文章“nothing would be more important than”相对应，指出促进就业最重要的是颁布类似于“G.I.Bill”的法案来保障人们接受高等教育的权利，选项 C 与之吻合，故正确。A项加速信息技术产业变革，C 项促进经济全球化，均未提及，故排除。D 项是干扰项，虽提及要颁布更多法案，但颁布法案的目的实际是为了保障教育，故也排除。

25.【答案】C Average Is Over

【解析】主旨大意题，主要考查考生根据文章内容凝练主旨大意的能力。从整个文章的脉络来看，第一段以亚当•大卫森一篇论文中关于现代工厂自动化与仅需要一人一狗两个员工的一则笑话，揭示了科技进步给人们带来的影响。第二、三段是科技的进步引起工厂自动化水平提高，普通员工如果没有竞争力和突出优势，就很容易失去工作，因此也对员工提出了更高的要求(extra-unique value contribution)。第四段就是员工只有不断地提高自己的教育水平，才能让自己脱颖而出。最后一段点明主题，average is officially over。由此可见，全文一直在围绕这一宏观主线展开，这一主线也统领全文，所以正确答案为 C。

26.【答案】C stay in a foreign temporarily

【解析】词义猜测题。根据题干，首先定位到首段 birds of passage 是前面一句中的 1/4 的意大利移民的昵称，他们只在美国居住了一段时间，但最终还是返回意大利。A 项的内容在首段首句有提及，但是它突出强调的是横跨大西洋的移民，这也是一世纪前的情况，而如今birds of passage 可能来自世界各个角落，并非局限于大西洋两岸。B 项与段意不符，D 项文中未提及。

27.【答案】C should be adopted to meet challenges

【解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到第二段。解题关键可定位到“…, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond stick definitions of legal and illegal.…We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.” 意为“我们需要改变的是关于分类的思考方式，突破合法和非法的严格限制。首先承认短暂移民者的存在，然后解决移民问题面临的挑战。” C 项高度总结了以上几点。A 项与原文意思不符。B、D 项在文中未提及。

28.【答案】D the freedom to stay and leave

【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，可定位到第三段。解题关键在于对“They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them .They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.”的理解。意为“他们跟着机会走，来去自如。他们可以在一个地方立业，在另一个地方成家”。强调的是工作机会，而不在乎工作地点。D 项是句意的高度概括。A 项是对原文的片面理解，吸引短暂移民者的不仅仅是来自金钱的激励(financial incentives)，还有工作机会和工作理念。B 项在文中未提及。C 项中的 regular jobs(一般工作)在文中未提及，是对文意的曲解。

29.【答案】C with legal tolerance

【解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到第五段。题干问到“根据作者的意思，我们(美国)应该怎样对待这些短暂移民者?”在本段中，作者写道我们应该“Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding…意思是“我们应该超越移民合法性方面的文化之争，重现看待中间地段，充分意识到当今的移民管理体系需要各种途径，从而取得多样化的结果，来解决现今移民体系下用法律手段很难解决的问题”，暗含了 C 项中的 tolerance 也就是对 multiple paths and multiple outcomes 的改写。A、B和 D 项在文中未提及。

30.【答案】D legal or illegal: big mistake

【解析】主旨大意题。文章第二段中提出“我们把新移民分成两类：合法移民和不合法移民”，同时作者认为“我们不需要局限于合法与不合法这样严格的定义”，这说明了从合法和不合法角度对于移民的分类是错误的。另外，文章最后一段最后一句“包括在现行的移民体系中不容易合法的实现的一些事情”也反映了文章的中心。即，从合法和不合法角度对于移民的分类是错误的。A 项谈到短暂移民者的移动是个错误，偏离了文章主旨。B 和 C 项说的是 risk，文中并未提及。

31.【答案】 D predetermine the accuracy of our judgment

【解析】细节理解题。 文章第一段提到“如果我们在做出反应之前花点儿时间来思考，那么将会减少甚至消除我们快速反应所带来的负面影响”，也就是说我们做决定所花的时间决定了我们判断的准确性。文章第二段第二句话也隐含本题正确答案线索。第二句以 But 这一转折连词引导，应该重点关注其后表达的信息，“但是，我们需要更多的时间来评估其他要素。” 而本段的第三、四句则明显地揭示出本题正确答案，尤其是第三个句子中的“accurately” 一词。选项D中的表达“可预先决定判断的准确性”，此外，此选项中的“accuracy” 为“accurately ” 的同词异形，故此项为正确答案。选项 A 和 B 属于无中生有，选项 C “取决于评估的重要性” 与原文不符合。

32.【答案】A can be associative

【解析】细节理解题。由题干的 fast-food logo 我们可以定位到第三段。第二段说处理人际关系问题时人们会仓促决定，第三段开头部分说到“让人做出仓促决定的刺激因素不仅限于际关系范围内。紧接着说人们对快餐商标的反应速度比一般阅读速度快。下一句则阐述了原因：因为人们无意识地(unconsciously)将“快餐”与“速度”和“心急”联系在一起，并将这些冲动付诸行动”。A 项“决定是有联系性的”正确，因为人们将“快餐”与“速度”，“心急”联系在了一起。B 项“决定是无意识的”与原文意思相反。C 项“决定是危险的”，原文未提及。D 项“决定是不冲动”与原文意思相悖。

33.【答案】C think before we act

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干定位到第四段。第四段通过两个例子说明我们应该怎样克服负面影响，第一个例子表示“如果我们会对消费产品或者房产选择做出“过度反应”，我们可以在购买之前先思考一会儿”，由此可说明我们应该在行动之前先思考来消除负面影响，因选择答案 C。

34.【答案】D adequate information

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干 John Gottman 定位到全文倒数第二段：John Gottman, the　marriage expert, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly” thin slice” …“婚姻专家约翰.古德曼解释说，我们快速反应的信息的可靠性是建立在这样的快速反应的行为是以长期的研究基础而做出的快速反应行为”。其中 ground 是题干中 base on 的同义替换，long-term study“长期的研究”与 D 选项 adequate information 相互呼应。

35.【答案】C optimistic

【解析】作者态度题。末段最后两句：Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature…“尽管技术可能改变我们反应的方式，但是它并没有改变我们的本性。我们仍然有能力去克服诱惑并扭转这种高速度的趋势”可知，作者的态度是非常确定的，因此 B 选项 uncertain(不确定)首先排除;We still have the imaginative capacity…表明作者对于我们的能力是有信心的。optimistic 最为恰当。

36.【答案】B men have the final say

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干 corporate workplace 定位到首段，本段中谈到，说欧洲性别不平等，in particular 进一步指出 corporate workplace，说明工作中性别尤其不平等。紧接着说欧洲公司高管职位 remain overwhelmingly male，说明以男性为主导。Indeed 进一步解释，指出女性在欧洲公司董事会只占有 14%的席位。所以，B 选项是基于首段信息给出的推论。

A 项 women take the lead 和 D 项 senior management is family-friendly 都与原文相反;C 选项是对文章 overwhelm 这个词出的干扰项。

37.【答案】A a reflection of gender balance

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干定位到第二段首句，intended legislation 是对 is now considering legislation 的同义改写。该句意为“欧洲国家现在考虑立法来迫使公司董事让妇女的比例达到60%”，因此立法是为了保持性别的平衡。B 选项的 reluctant 是对 Reding’s reluctance 出的干扰项，并不是说 European Union 的立法。C 选项 a response to Reding’s call 不正确，Reding 号召的是 voluntary action， D 也是干扰项，而真正的立法缘由是对 gender balance 的反思。

38.【答案】A get top business positions

【解析】细节理解题。定位至第 4 段，Reding 说自己不喜欢 quotas，后面出现了 but，他真正的观点在 but 之后，他说他喜欢 quotas 所做的事情，即 get action，后面的冒号是对 get action 的解释。核心的答案在 a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions。a result 是前面内容的同位语，进一步补充说明，所以选 A。B 项 see through the glass ceiling 是对原文 break through the glass ceiling 的望文生义，属于肤浅选项，也和原文意思不符。C 和 D 选项属于无中生有。

39.【答案】D approval

【解析】作者态度题。本题问的是作者对 Reding 的呼吁的态度。Reding 的 appeal 最早出现在第 2 段，即呼吁在董事会中有 40%的女性，以实现性别均衡。而第四段再一次提到 Reding 的观点即“他自己也不喜欢 quotas,但是 quotas 本身确实起到了作用”;接着作者在第五段给出了自己的观点，先是说可以理解 Reding，自己本身也不喜欢 quotas，但是“既然现在meritocratic ideal(精英管理的理想)有障碍，确实需要一种强制的手段，即强制设定男女比例。”所以可以看出作者是持“赞成”的态度。

40.【答案】C suitable public policies

【解析】细节理解题。题干中的 women entering top management become headlines 是对 when women do break through to the summit of the corporate power 的同义改写，become headlines 是对后面 for example 所举的 Sheryl Sandberg 的事例的概括。答案出现在第 7 段“If appropriate pubic choices were in place to help all women, ...Sandberg would be no more newsworthy...”，这个句子是 if 虚拟条件句，是对未来的一种美好展望，也是提出观点的一种方式，意为“如果有合理的公共政策来帮助所有的女性，Sandberg 也就没有报道价值了”。

新题型

41.【答案】F Planning is everything

【解析】段落首句谈到“Impulsive spending isn’t an option, so plan your work’s menu in advance...”，其表达的含义是：冲动消费不是一个好的选择，所以提前计划你一周的菜单，为你所需材料的具体数量做一个购物清单。首句中出现了因果逻辑关联词 so，而下文又没有出现明显转折，因此首句是本段的中心句。文章进而提及作者为此专门做一个 Excel 表格，并且认为这样做不仅花钱少并且有助于均衡饮食。显然文章的中心在于首句谈到的“plan”，而中心不是选项 B 表达的“balance your diet”，故答案为 F。

42.【答案】E Stick to what you need

【解析】段落第二句话中的代词“them”指代第一句中的“supermarkets and their anonymity”。该句通过这一指代顺接第一句，表达了一个否定的含义，即你不需要在小贩那里感到尴尬。紧接着第三句用肯定的语气指出“if you plan properly, you’ll know that you only need... 350g of shin of beef... ”即如果你合理的规划，你就会清楚知道你想要什么，比如你只需要 350 克牛肉。作者通过语义上层层递进的方式指出了这一段的中心：你需要什么就买什么，要对你所　需要购买的东西的分量要坚持。因此选项 E 为正确选项。

43.【答案】G Waste not, want not

【解析】本段内容首先谈到“你可能骄傲的说冰箱里只有冷冻的青豆，但是这还不够”。这句话中虽然没有明显的转折词，但在语义上属于隐性转折，因此段落的重点应该在后面。第二句提到“Mine is filled with...”，其中 Mine 等于 my freezer，通过指代顺接上一句话。接着第三句前半句指出“提前做好计划可以避免浪费”，后半句具体陈述了怎样避免浪费。其中“eliminate wastage”与选项 G 中的“waste not”构成同义替换。虽然该句中出现了 planning, 但是本段的主要内容是谈到对于剩余的食物要尽可能充分利用，从而避免浪费。所以选项 G谈到“不浪费，不愁缺”为正确选项。

44.【答案】C Shopkeepers are your friends

【解析】该段首句的句内出现转折，重点在转折之后。第一句 but 转折之后提到“it really is a top tip”，即这真的是一个好的提议。那么首先要还原 it 所指代的内容。句前没有提供信息，句后第二句提到“shop at tchers,...regularly, ..and be super friendly”。其中“be friendly”通过词性转换和选项 C 中的“are your friends”够成同义替换。同时，最后一句具体的信息描述了购

物时表现出友好的态度所带来的好处：they will let you have for free(通常他们都会免费给你)可知，C 最为合适。

45.【答案】D Remember to treat yourself

【解析】该段首句句内出现转折，重点在转折之后。第一句 but 后提到“save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch”，其表达的含义是要节省钱，但可以每几个月款待自己一次。而该句也是本段落的中心句。段落余下的信息都是在用数据来解释这个道理。选项 D 中出现了“treat yourself”，属于原词复现。

翻译：

(第一段)我能从过去的 53 年中挑选一个时间，并且立即知道我(那时)所处的位置，(那时)新闻中发生的事件，甚至那天是星期几。我具有这种能力可以追溯到我 4 岁的时候。

(第二段)对于我大脑接收的信息，我从来没有感到难以把握。我的大脑似乎能够处理(一切信息)，而且这些信息都被有条理的保存。当我想到悲伤的事情，我像其他所有人一样，　努力把它们放到一边(以免影响我)。就是因为我的记忆是比较清晰有条理的，所以，我认为那些信息(对我来说)都不很困难。我强大的记忆力没有让我的情绪变得更敏感或者更真切。我能(清晰地)回忆起我祖父过世的那天的情景以及祖父去世前我们大家去医院看望他时的悲伤。我还能(清晰地)记得同一天在 Broadway 上演的音乐剧《头发》——它们都同样地在我的脑海长久不衰。

写作

PART A

命题解析

2013 年英语(二)小作文第四次考察了书信这一题型。属于写给同学的私人倡议信(并非告示)。值得注意的是，从 2012 年开始，考研命题组与时俱进，英语(一)及(二)小作文命题不再使用日常生活中已很少使用的 letter，而是替换为大家耳熟能详的 e-mail 形式。其实没有本质区别，最新大纲仍定义为“私人或公务信函”，写法完全一样。

众所周知，人们生活与工作中均需使用 e-mail, 故 e-mail 也分为私人与公务两种。私人书信稍微随便一些，可使用 3-5 次缩写、省略句或口语表达等非正式语言;公务书信稍微正式一些，最好不要使用非正式语言。

2005 年考研开考小作文以来，从未考过倡议信，2013 年首开先河。但这话题属于考研写作四大必考话题之“社会热点“(社会公德/爱心)，这一话题迄今已考察四次：1995 年提纲作文“希望工程”、2001 年图画作文“爱心是一盏灯”、2006 年小作文“给希望工程捐款”。

在 2012 年新东方在线网络课堂中，均提供了关于爱心的大量大小作文范文。几乎全文　均可使用。

考研写作要求采用缩进式：段间不空行，每段首行缩进四个字母。由于是写给同学的半正式文体，应写“Dear Fellow Students,或 Dear Students,”等较为随意的称呼。首段可进行自我介绍(可以是班长)、表明写作目的(倡议大家参加慈善义卖);次段应展开具体细节：

详细介绍义卖情况;尾段应再次呼吁。落款应使用“Yours ncerely,”或“Yours faithfully,”

等私人落款，不宜写“Yours truly,”等公务落款，签名切勿写自己的真实姓名，应用“Li Ming”代替。

由于小作文答题卡很小，很多考生将结尾客套及签名挤在同一行或写在空格以下，无需担心，电脑可以扫描到，不会因此取得低分。很多考生并未按照以上要求去写，也无须过于担心，写法有很多种，法无定法、万法归宗。只要切题同时语言简洁、地道，均可取得不错的成绩。

One possible version:

Dear Fellow Classmates,

Our class is to hold a charity sale to raise money for those children who are in need of help on January 5, 2013. As the monitor of our class, I’m calling on all students to take part in it.

We ask you to donate as much as you can to a fund we have set up to cover their tuition fees and other expenses. Unless we can raise sufficient money, those poor kids won’t be able to afford their education and finish school.

As a nation renowned in the world for many of its virtues, we Chinese people have been giving a helping hand to those who are in distress throughout history. It’s our duty to provide

as much support as we can in this hour of need. Please contribute generously.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

参考译文

亲爱的同学们：

我们班将在 2013 年 1 月 5 日举办一场慈善义卖，为需要帮助的孩子们募集资金。作为班长，我在这里号召大家积极参加。

我们已经设立了支付他们学杂费的基金，请大家尽自己所能捐献自己的爱心。只有我们募集足够的资金，那些可怜的孩子们才能上得起学并完成学业。

作为一个以很多美德闻名于世的国家，我们中国人民从古至今都一直乐于助人。在这个紧要关头，大家一定要尽力帮助他们。最后，请大家慷慨相助。

Part B

命题解析

2013 年考研英语(二)大作文第四次考察了图表作文，题目偏易。在 2010/2011 考察“经济类”话题、2012 考察“管理类”话题之后，13 年考察了考研写作四大必考话题之“教育文化类”，主题是“某高校学生的兼职情况”。

在 2012 年新东方在线网络课堂的强化班、冲刺班、点睛班中，均讲解了“教育类”范文，尤其重点讲解了 2006 年 MBA 写作真题图表作文“工程硕士招生”和 2008 年 MBA 写作真题“成人高考”。考生如认真听过以上课程并认真研读过讲义中的范文，13 年大作文并不难写，很多表达均可使用。

本文首段应描述图表，首句应进行总体描述，点出“主题”(兼职情况)及“对象”(某高校学生)。其次应进行细节描述：大一至大三缓慢增加、大四急剧增加，并说明具体数据。

首段无需发表议论。次段应进行利弊说明，详细阐明大学生兼职的利与弊，并给出充分的原因来支持论点，也可使用举例、正反等多种论证手段。尾段应进行归纳结论或提出建议措施：只要大学生扬长避短、趋利避害，兼职将利大于弊。

鉴于考研写作“语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位”，阅卷教师最重视的还是考生的真实语言水平，身为大学英语系教师的阅卷老师可谓一目了然。本文阐明大学生兼职利大于弊、弊大于利或各有利弊均可，只要能够自圆其说即可，观点无所谓正确错误之分。只要语言地道、结构清晰、内容切题，均可取得理想成绩。

我们在课程中提倡考生“背诵、默写、仿写”考研写作经典范文，目的就是扎扎实实提高英语实力和写作水平，在考场上融会贯通，以不变应万变。无论命题如何变化，真实的语言功底才是取得写作高分的关键!即使侥幸押题成功，如果众多考生使用同样的范文或现场发挥部分错误百出，仍然取得低分。在现今急功近利、庸俗浮躁、哗众取宠的社会，静心提高才是提高写作分数的唯一出路。

鉴于网上答案错误百出，自己估分往往并不准确。希望考生务必向报考院校研究生院或研招办咨询查分，了解自己的写作及各单项真实成绩。成绩才是检验写作学习效果的最好方法!

One possible version:

The column chart clearly reveals the statistics of students taking part-time jobs in a certain university. According to the survey, there has been a steady increase from 67.77% to 71.93% for students holding temporary jobs from freshmen to juniors, while the percentage of seniors working part-time jumped markedly to 88.24%.

While part-time employment does have the potential to negatively affect a college student’s studies, it can also be a force for good in their academic careers. The most obvious way that having a part-time job can adversely affect students’studies is by becoming a drain on the their time. Another way that part time employment can be detrimental to students is by reducing the perceived incentive to study. Despite presenting certain pitfalls, working part-time during one’s college years also offer several potential benefits. For one, it can help students to better understand their preferences or to “test out” a possible career direction.

Additionally, companies seeking to recruit recent grads will give preference to those with real-world experience.

In the end, the impact of a part-time job on student’s academic career depends on the student’s ability to maintain focus and balance his or her own time. If students are able to effectively manage their time and secure a part-time position in a field related to their studies or interests, the job is certain to yield a positive impact.

参考译文

这幅柱状图清晰显示了某高校学生兼职情况的数据。根据调查，从大一到大三，兼职学生从 67.77%缓慢上升到 71.93%，而大四兼职学生的百分比则急剧上升到 88.24%。

尽管做兼职可能会对大学生的学习有些影响，但能在求学阶段做点兼职也会有不少好处。兼职影响学业的主要问题就是耽误时间。不利影响的另一发面就是会减少学生已有的学习动力。尽管提到了某些弊端，但在大学阶段做兼职还是有很多好处的。首先，兼职能让学生更好地了解自己的喜好或检验一种可能的职业方向。其次，那些招聘新近毕业生的公司都会偏爱有实际社会经验的大学生。

总之，兼职对大学生学业是否有影响取决于他们能否分清重点及平衡时间。假如他们能有效管理自己的时间，找到一个符合自己专业和兴趣的兼职岗位，那么做兼职必定是有益的。

（九）MBA联考历年英语真题汇总(2011-2016年)

想要2017年在职攻读MBA，考生们现在就需要进入复习状态。不少考生担心MBA联考的必考科目英语二难以过关。在职研究生招生老师建议大家可先考试题型有所了解，然后结合大纲沉下心来复习。为了帮助大家顺利攻克英语难关，特整理了2011-2016年MBA联考历年英语真题，以供大家参考：

2016年考研(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

2015年考研(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

2014年考研(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

2013年考研(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

2012年考研(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

2011年考研(一月MBA联考)英语真题及答案

2017年一月MBA联考的报名将会在2016年十月份启动，但考生的复习准备工作必须要提前进行，有其是英语注重的是平时的积累，因此，要尽快进入备考状态，同时希望大家能好好利用历年真题，多做练习，取得优异成绩，顺利拿到在职研究生双证。

声明：本文为原创文章，未经授权，禁止转载，否则必将追究法律责任。

（十）2015年一月联考（MBA、MPA、MPAcc）英语真题及答案

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Directions：Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.

It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?

One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a13. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14. "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."

18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.

1.[A] ticket[B] permit[C] signal[D] record

2.[A] nothing[B] little[C] another[D] much

3.[A] beaten[B] guided[C] plugged[D] brought

4.[A] message[B] code[C] notice[D] sign

5.[A] under[B] beyond[C] behind[D] from

6.[A] misapplied[B] mismatched[C] misadjusted[D] misinterpreted

7.[A] replaced[B] fired[C] judged[D] delayed

8.[A] unreasonable[B] ungrateful[C] unconventional[D] unfamiliar

9.[A] comfortable[B] confident[C] anxious[D] angry

10.[A] attend[B] point[C] take[D] turn

11.[A] dangerous[B] mysterious[C] violent[D] boring

12.[A] hurt[B] resist[C] bend[D] decay

13.[A] lecture[B] conversation[C] debate[D] negotiation

14.[A] passengers[B] employees[C] researchers[D] trainees

15.[A] reveal[B] choose[C] predict [D] design

16.[A] voyage[B] ride[C] walk[D] flight

17.[A] went through[B] did away[C] caught up[D] put up

18.[A] in turn[B] in fact [C] in particular[D] in consequence

19.[A] unless[B] since[C] if[D] whereas

20.[A] funny[B] logical[C] simple[D] rare

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s control. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge。

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without but more so for non parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health。

What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it’ s not surprising that women are more stressed at home。

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working making money doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola。

On the home front however people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it or if they’ re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home。

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite the co-workers are much harder to motivate。

21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home___________

[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation

[B]generated more stress than the workplace

[C]was an ideal plac efor stress measurement

[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace

22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?

[A]Working mothers

[B]Childless husbands

[C] Childless wives

[D]Working fathers

23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that___________

[A]they are both breadwinners and housewives

[B]their home is also a place for kicking back

[C]there is often much housework left behind

[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office

24.The word “moola”(Line4，Para 4)most probably means___________

[A]energy

[B]skills

[C]earnings

[D]nutrition

25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________

[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment

[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

[C]household tasks are generally more motivating

[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded

Text 2

For years studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen rather than close” achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science。

But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students。

The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree

Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap。

Many first-generation students’ struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources” they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve

26. Recruiting more first-generation students has

[A]reduced their dropout rates

[B]narrowed the achievement gap

[C] missed its original purpose

[D]depressed college students

27 The author of the research article are optimistic because

[A]the problem is solvable

[B]their approach is costless

[q the recruiting rate has increased

[D]their finding appeal to students

28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students

[A]study at private universities

[B]are from single-parent families

[q are in need of financial support

[D]have failed their collage

29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

[A]are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

[B]can have a potential influence on other students

[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

30.We may infer from the last paragraph that――

[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class

[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

[C]social class greatly helps en rich educational experiences

[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

Text3

Even in traditional offices，“the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，"said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples。“If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey mission passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn’t talk about energy;we didn’t talk about passion。”

Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented-and not by coincidence。“Let’s not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious;it’s the idea that I’m a coach，and you’re my team，and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win"。

These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khurana points out，increase allegiance to the firm。“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，”said Khurana

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990s a re still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your “passion” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it，even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed

But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，but manage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said，“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it。” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are

31. According to NancyKoehn office language has become________

[A]more e motional

[B]more objective

[C]less energetic

[D]less energetic

[E]less strategic

32.“team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________

[A]historical incidents

[B]gender difference

[C]sports culture

[D]athletic executives

33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________

[A]revive historical terms

[B]promote company image

[C]foster corporate cooperation

[D]strengthen employee loyalty

34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________

[A]voices for working women

[B]appeals to passionate workaholics

[C]triggers debates among mommies

[D]praises motivated employees

35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

[A]Managers admire it but avoid it

[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense

[C]Companies find it to be fundamental

[D]Regular people mock it but accept it

Text4

Many people talked of the 288000new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace。

However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830000(44 percent)above its year ago level。

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will behaving a very hard time making ends meet。

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession but it is down by 640000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level。

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes。”they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week。

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance。

However Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance。

36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?

A. The prospect of a thriving job market。

B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs。

C. The possibility of full employment。

D. The acceleration of job creation。

37. Many people work part-time because they

A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs

B. feel that is enough to make ends meet

C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs

D. haven' t seen the weakness of the market

38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US

A. is harder to acquire than one year ago

B. shows a general tendency of decline

C. satisfies the real need of the jobless

D. is lower than before the recession

39. It can be learned that with Obamacare 。

A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance

B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members

D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance

40. The text mainly discusses 。

A. employment in the US

B. part-timer classification

C. insurance through Medicaid

D. Obamacare’s trouble

Part B

Directions：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A]You are not alone

[B]Experience helps you grow

[C]Pave your own unique path

[D]Most of your fears are unreal

[E]Think about the present moment

[F]Don’t fear responsibility for your life

[G]There are many things to be grateful for

Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times

Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, romantic relationship or a house .Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.

When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.

41._______________________________

Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.

42.________________________________

If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.

43.________________________________

Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.

44._______________________________

No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.

45._______________________________

Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining ivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.

Part C Translation

Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately shorter.

Section III Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to

1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and

2) call for volunteers.

Your should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your name or the name of your university.

Do not write your address.(10 points)

48.Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. you should

1) interpret the chart and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).

参考答案

2015考研英语考试刚刚结束了，在考后第一时间得知并发布英语二考研真题答案(完整版)，请考生及关注考研的同仁们参考!

2015考研英语二答案

完型填空题

1 .C signal

2 .D much

3. C plugged

4. A message

5. C behind

6. A misinterpreted

7. B judged

8. D unfamiliar

9. B anxious

10. D turn

11.A dangerous

12. A hurt

13.B conversation

14. D passengers

15.C predict

16. D ride

17.A went through

18.C in fact

19.B since

20 B simple

阅读题答案

Text 1 答案

21. D offered greater relaxation than the workplace

22. B childless husbands

23. A they are both bread winners and housewives

24. C earnings

25. B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

Text2 答案

26. C miss its original purpose

27. A the problem is solvable

28. C are in need offinancial support

29. D are inexperienced in handling issues at college

30. D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

Text3 答案

31. A more emotional

32. C sports culture

33.D strengthen employee loyalty

34.A voices for working women

35. C companies find it to be fundamental

Text4

36. B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs

37. C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs

38. B shows a general tendency of decline

39. B empolyment is no longer a precondition to get insureance

40.A

阅读新题型

41 .D Most of your fearsare unreal

42. E Think about the [resent moment

43.G There are many things to be grateful for

44.A You are not alone

45. C Pave your own unique path

翻译题

回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。这可能是你每天上下班的必经之路，可能是进城的旅行，亦或是回家的道路。不管是哪一种，你都了解每一个屈折拐弯之处，就像熟悉自己手背上的纹路一样。在这些所有类型的旅途中，很容易失去驾车的注意力，并且几乎不注意沿途的风景。结果，比起这段路途实际需要的时间，你的感觉是花费的时间更少。

这就是经常旅行线路效应：人们往往低估了花费在一条熟悉的路线上的时间。

这种效应是由于我们分配注意力的方式引起的。当我们旅行一条非常著名的路线时，因为我们不是非得注意太多，时间似乎流逝得更快。然后，当我们回忆起这段旅程时，因为我们没有花费太多的注意力，因此我们对之记忆地不太清楚，所以我们认为这段旅行更为短途

作文

PART A

【参考范文1】

Notice

In order to enrich high school students’ life in summer holiday and expand the reputation of our university, the Students Union are going to host a summer camp in our school campus and volunteers are needed.The details about this summer camp and volunteer recruitment are listed

as follows.Firstly, the summer camp will begin on September 1st and it will last for ten days. Secondly, the main theme of this summer camp is “Better English, Better life” and there are various activities in this summer camp,including English-speaking contest, drama contest, sports meeting and dancing part and son on. Thirdly, volunteers need to have a good command of English and be enthusiastic in organizing different of kinds

of activities.

If you have any question or suggestion about this summer camp,please contact us at 12345 as soon as possible.

ABC University

PART B

【参考范文1】

The pie chart above presents the different proportion of residents’consumption in a Chinese city during Spring Festival. To be specific, the percentage of consumption on New Year’s gifts, party, traffic and others is 40%, 20% , 20% and 20% respectively. Surprisingly, the pertinent number about gifts is 40%. Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.Undoubtedly, the purpose of the graph is to showcase the diversity of residents ’ consumption during holidays in China, especially over-consumption on gifts as a frequent way of interpersonal communication. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? It’s a thought-provoking question. First and foremost, advertisements of mass media, such as radio, television and Internet, might be misleading. Plus,pertinent action taken by the public to put an end to this trend might be little and limit. Therefore, people, men and women, old and young, in mounting numbers are spending too much on holiday gift which floods everywhere.

To sum up, there is an upward tendency for people these days to spend money on festival presents rather than other things, which I believe will not change in a short time. To reverse the trend is not a piece of cake, which requires a good awareness of consumption value and interpersonal communication. Only in this way can we have colorful festivals and relaxing times

【评析】

(饼状图)我国某市民春节假期花销比例(新年礼物40% ，交通20% ，聚会吃饭20% ，其他20% )这篇饼状图避开了热点话题，考察主题中规中矩，关于我国某城市居民开销花费问题(生活类话题)。考察的形式是英语二从未考察过的饼状图(在 1997 年考研英语饼状图出现过一次)，如果事先准备不充分的考生，很可能会有点恐慌。不过，在我个人的预测班讲义和最后的救命班的课件中已经交代了饼状图的描述方式。针对这篇文章，三个段落的写作分别如下：第一段描述这个饼状图，包括其中各自的数据组成，并且可以将其中最大的一部分即新年礼物的数据突出。最后再简要地交代一句，尽管数字看似孤立，但是数字之间紧密联系。第二段的写法多种多样，如果针对这种送新年礼物的风气进行评析，可以作为一个负面话题来分析原因或者举例子;也可以作文一个正面话题来谈论，谈一谈这种人际交往的形式--互送礼物 ，增强朋友家人的感情;甚至可以作文一个中立话题来谈一谈假期开销在不同的方面，消费方式的多种多样。第三段的写法就是传统地预测一下趋势，对这个事情简要评析一下，在对多姿多彩的社会和假期生活憧憬一下即可。在单词的考察方面较难的单词也不过是居民(citizen , resident )和消费(consume, consumption )。其他的单词就比较简单，包括聚会(party ,reunion) ，交通(traffic ) ，新年礼物(gifts )，其他(others ).

(饼状图)我国某市民春节假期花销比例(新年礼物40%，交通20%，聚会吃饭20%，其他20%)这篇饼状图避开了热点话题，考察主题中规中矩，关于我国某城市居民花销问题(生活类话题)。考察的形式是英语二从未考察过的饼状图(在1997年考研英语饼状图出现过一次)，如果事先准备不充分的考生，很可能会有点恐慌。不过，在我个人的预测讲义和最后的救命班的课件中已经交代了饼状图的描述方式。

针对这篇文章，三个段落的写作分别如下：

第一段描述这个饼状图，包括其中各自的数据组成，并且可以将其中最大的一部分即新年礼物的数据突出。最后再简要地交代一句，尽管数字看似孤立，但是数字之间紧密联系。

第二段的写法多种多样，如果针对这种送新年礼物的作风进行评析，可以作为一个负面话题来分析原因或者例子;也可以作文一个正面话题来谈论，谈一谈这种人际交往的形式—互送礼物，增强朋友家人的感情;甚至可以作文一个中立话题来谈一谈假期开销在不同的方面，消费形式的多种多样。

第三段的写法就是传统地预测一下趋势，对这个事情简要评析一下，再对多姿多彩的社会和假期生活憧憬一下即可。

在单词的考察方面较难的单词也不过是居民(citizen，resident)和消费(consume，consumption)。其他的单词就比较简单，包括聚会(party，reunion)，交通(traffic)，新年礼物(gifts)，其他(others)。